文昌市黑山岭矿区生态修复启示
张家友^1，2，王永红^1，2，符气鑫^1，2，陈太豪^1，2，廖华强^1，2
（1.海南省海洋地质资源与环境重点实验室，海南海口570206；2.海南省地质调查院，海南海口570206）
摘要： 石料矿山的露天开采带来严重的生态损害， 包括地形地貌、景观、植被、地表径流的破坏等方面。海南省作
为生态文明试验区， 对露天矿山开采提出了更高的要求。以海南省文昌市黑山岭玄武岩矿区的生产现状、生态损害以及
矿山生态恢复治理情况为研究对象， 结合矿区的气候、水文、生态、植被、土壤等禀赋特征， 对矿山存在的问题进行了
系统的梳理和分析， 通过优化调整开采时序、分区开采、分区治理以及明确责任主体等方式， 解决长期困扰矿山发展的
突出生态环境问题， 促进经济、社会和生态环境的协调发展， 促进绿色矿山建设； 系统总结了矿山生态治理的经验和生
态文明建设的举措， 提出了针对性治理方法。修复治理经验可为海南省等热带地区露天矿山的修复提供参考。
关键词： 文昌市； 石料矿山； 生态损害； 生态修复
中图分类号： TD88；X171.4 文献标志码： A 文章编号： 2095-0802-(2023)11-0019-05
Revelation of Ecological Restoration in Heishanling Mining Area of Wenchang City
ZHANG Jiayou1,2, WANG Yonghong1,2, FU Qixin1,2, CHEN Taihao1,2, LIAO Huaqiang1,2
(1. Hainan Key Laboratory of Marine Geological Resources and Environment, Haikou 570206, Hainan, China; 2. Hainan Institute
of Geological Survey, Haikou 570206, Hainan, China)
Abstract: The characteristics of open pit mining of stone mines bring serious ecological damage, including topography, landscape,
vegetation, surface runoff, etc. Hainan Province, as an ecological civilization pilot zone, puts forward higher requirements for open
pit mining. This paper took the production status, ecological damage and ecological restoration and management of the
Heishanling basalt mining area in Wenchang City, Hainan Province as the research object, and combined the endowment
characteristics of the mining area such as climate, hydrology, ecology, vegetation and soil to systematically sort out and analyze the
problems existing in the mine. By optimizing and adjusting the mining time series, zoning mining, zoning management and
clarifying the main body of responsibility, the prominent ecological and environmental problems that have plagued the development
of mines for a long time can be solved, promoting the coordinated development of economy, society and ecological environment,
promoting the construction of green mines; the experience of mine production and management and the measures for ecological
civilization construction were systematically summarized, and targeted management methods were proposed. The restoration and
treatment experience can provide reference for the restoration of open pit mines in Hainan Province and other tropical areas.
Key words: Wenchang City; stone mine; ecological damage; ecological restoration