不同天气下光伏电池全日输出电压与功率研究
王桢，王海祥
（金陵科技学院机电工程学院，江苏 南京 211169）
摘要： 光伏电池的输出电压和功率对日照利用效率和逆变器并网控制具有意义。通过搭建光伏实验平台分别记录了
无锡地区春季晴天、多云、阴天、雨天天气下光伏电池的全日输出电压和电池温度，并使用电阻负载、光伏测试仪记录
其短期输出功率和最大功率点参数。研究发现，4 种天气下全日输出电压曲线形似于拱形曲线。晴天时输出电压的曲线
平稳且中部有下垂现象；多云时输出电压的曲线前中部有轻微下垂，中部出现剧烈波动现象；阴天时输出电压曲线类似
于晴天，波动较小；雨天时输出电压的曲线波动剧烈，大部分呈锯齿状多峰排列。不同天气的影响不在于输出电压的峰
值上，而在于对输出电压曲线波动程度的影响上。晴天下负载的功率曲线最平稳，阴天次之，多云天气负载的功率曲线
波动最剧烈。
关键词： 光伏电池；输出电压；温度；功率；天气
中图分类号： TM914     文献标识码： A     文章编号： 2095-0802-(2020)08-0051-04
Study on Full-day Output Voltage and Power of Photovoltaic Cells under Different
Weather Conditions
WANG Zhen, WANG Haixiang
(School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Jingling Institute of Technology, Nanjing 211169, Jiangsu, China)
Abstract: The output voltage and power of photovoltaic cells are of great significance to the efficiency of sunlight utilization and
the grid-connected control of the inverter. Through building a photovoltaic experimental platform, the whole day output voltage
and temperature of photovoltaic cells in sunny, cloudy, overcast and rainy days in Wuxi Area in spring were recorded, and the
short-term output power and maximum power point parameters were recorded by resistance load and photovoltaic tester. It is
found that the full-day output voltage curve under the four weather conditions is similar to the curve of arch. The curve of the
output voltage on sunny days is stable and there is a sag in the middle; there is a slight sag in the front and middle part of the
curve of cloudy days' output voltage, and the middle part has violent fluctuation; the output voltage curve in overcast days is
similar to that in sunny days, with little fluctuation; the curve of output voltage in rainy days fluctuates violently, most arranged in
zigzag and multi-peak. The influence of different weather is not mainly on the peak value of output voltage, but on the fluctuation
degree of output voltage curve. The power curve of the load in sunny days is the most stable, followed by overcast days, and
fluctuates most violently on cloudy days.

Key words: photovoltaic cell; output voltage; temperature; power; weather