地理信息系统在景观生态学中的应用
张翀
（忻州市生态环境信息宣传教育中心，山西 忻州 034000）
摘要： 着眼于地理信息系统（GIS） 在各行业中应用的热点问题，以生态环境评价法中的景观生态学为应用对象，将
地理信息系统的空间分析模块应用于景观生态学中，使生态环境现状和预测评价实现了定量化。以工程实例为应用对象，
分别统计和计算了景观生态学中的各项因子，包括斑块总数、总样方数、样地总面积、斑块i 的数目、斑块i 出现的样
方数、斑块i的面积，利用优势度计算公式分别计算出密度（R_d）、频率（R_f）、景观比例（L_p）和优势度（D_o），反映了
项目建设前后区域生态环境的优势度值变化，通过景观的空间结构、功能与稳定性分析对项目建设前后对区域生态环境
的影响进行评价。
关键词： 地理信息系统；景观生态学；生态环境评价
中图分类号： P208     文献标识码： A     文章编号： 2095-0802-(2020)08-0084-03
Application of Geographic Information System(GIS) in Landscape Ecology
ZHANG Chong
(Xinzhou Ecological Environment Information Propaganda Education Center, Xinzhou 034000, Shanxi, China)
Abstract: Focusing on the hot issues in the application of geographic information system(GIS) in various industries, taking the
landscape ecology in the ecological environment assessment method as the application object, the spatial analysis module of GIS
was applied in landscape ecology, so that the current situation and prediction evaluation of ecological environment were quantified.
Taking an engineering example as the application object, this paper counted and calculated the various factors in landscape
ecology, including the total number of patches, the total number of samples, the total area of sample plots, the number of patches
i, the number of samples appearing in patch i, and the area of patch i, calculated the density(R_d), frequency(R_f), landscape proportion(
L_p) and dominance(D_o) respectively by using the dominance calculation formula, which reflects the change of the dominance
value of the regional ecological environment before and after the construction of the project. Through the analysis of the spatial
structure, function and stability of the landscape, the impact on the regional ecological environment before and after the project
construction was evaluated.

 Key words: geographic information system; landscape ecology; ecological environment evaluation