乌鲁木齐市饮用水源地重金属污染健康风险评价
祖丽菲耶·亚力坤
（新疆维吾尔自治区水文局水环境监测中心，新疆 乌鲁木齐 830000）
摘要： 为说明乌鲁木齐市饮用水源地的重金属元素含量特征及饮用水水质对人体健康的潜在风险，于2016 年1—12 月
对水源地饮用水中重金属含量进行监测，并采用Nemerow 综合污染指数、健康风险评价模型对水源地重金属污染和健康
风险水平进行评价。结果显示：乌鲁木齐市水源地饮用水中重金属含量无超标，都在水环境国家标准GB 3838—2002
《地表水环境质量标准》限值范围内；水源地水质均属于重金属未污染状态；水源地饮用水致癌风险在7.33×10^-7～
1.03×10^-5 a^-1 之间，非致癌风险在9.08×10^-11～6.67×10^-10 a^-1 之间，重金属元素致癌风险值大小顺序为As＞Zn＞Mn＞
Fe>Hg，水源地饮用水对儿童健康风险大于成人健康风险；在不同时期采样点的监测健康风险值均低于国际辐射防护委
员会推荐的最大可接受风险水平5.0×10-5 a^-1；As 是水质产生健康风险的首要指标，应将As 作为乌鲁木齐市饮用水源地
水环境风险管理重点指标。
关键词： 乌鲁木齐市；水源地；重金属；健康风险评价
中图分类号： X820.4     文献标识码： A     文章编号： 2095-0802-(2021)06-0084-03
Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution in Drinking Water Sources of Urumqi City
Zulifeiye Yalikun
(Water Environment Monitoring Center, Hydrology Bureau of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830000,
Xinjiang, China)
Abstract: In order to explain the characteristics of heavy metal content in drinking water sources in Urumqi and the potential
risk of drinking water quality to human health, the heavy metal content in drinking water sources was monitored from January to
December 2016, and the Nemerow comprehensive pollution index and health risk assessment model were used to evaluate the
heavy metal pollution and health risk level in drinking water sources. The results showed that the content of heavy metals in
drinking water of Urumqi water sources did not exceed the standard, and all of them were within the limit range of the water
environment national standard for GB 3838—2002 Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water; the water quality of the
water sources was not polluted by heavy metal; the carcinogenic risk of drinking water in the source area ranged from 7.33×10^-7-
1.03×10^-5 a^-1, and the non-carcinogenic risk ranged from 9.08×10^-11-6.67×10^-10 a^-1, the carcinogenic risk value of heavy metal
elements was As>Zn>Mn>Fe>Hg, and the health risk of drinking water in the source area to children was greater than that to
adults; in different periods, the health risk values were lower than the maximum acceptable risk level of 5.0×10^-5 a^-1 recommended
by International Commission on Radiological Protection; As was the primary indicator of health risk caused by water quality, so as
should be taken as the key indicator of water environmental risk management of drinking water sources in Urumqi City.

Key words: Urumqi City; water sources; heavy metal; health risk assessment