低放废油固化配方研究
李鸿展
（中核四川环保工程有限责任公司，四川 广元 628000）
摘要： 低放废油的处理是核设施退役和放射性三废治理过程中的难题，其安全稳定化处理，事关核工业的可持续发
展。基于凝胶-包藏原理，开展了放射性废油的固化配方探索，采用单因素实验方法优化固化配方，并对固化废油的物
理特性进行了相关测试。优化的低放废油配方为20 mL 废油、0.8 g NaOH、2 g水、4 g硬脂酸、2 g乙基纤维素。试验结
果表明：废油固化体密实，质地均匀；所有条件下固化体增容比不超过50%，减重比高于80%，绝大部分情况下渗油率
小于1%；采用最优配方处理废油，能获得满足放射性废物运输要求的固化体，有利于之后的焚烧处理，在常温下能保
持长期的稳定。
关键词： 低放废油；固化配方；增容比；减重比；渗油率
中图分类号： TL941⁺.11     文献标识码： A     文章编号： 2095-0802-(2021)10-0064-03
Study on Immobilizing Formulation of Low-level Radioactive Waste Oil
LI Hongzhan
(Sichuan Environmental Protection Engineering Co., Ltd., CNNC, Guangyuan 628000, Sichuan, China)
Abstract: The treatment of low-level radioactive waste oil has been a difficult problem in the process of the nuclear facility decommissioning
and the radioactive waste treatment. The safe stabilization of low-level radioactive waste oil matters the sustainable
development of nuclear industry. Based on the principle of gelation-inclusion, this paper explored the immobilizing formulation of
low-level radioactive waste oil, optimized the immobilizing formulation by single factor experiment, and characterized some physical
properties. The optimized immobilizing formulation called for 20 mL of waste oil, 0.8 g of NaOH, 2 g of water, 4 g of octadecanoic
acid and 2 g of ethyecellulose. The results indicated that the immobilizing matrix of low-level radioactive waste oil exhibited
dense and uniform texture, and the volume expansion ratio was below 50% under all conditions, the weight loss ratio was
above 80%, and the oil leakage ratio was below 1% under most conditions. The waste oil was immobilized based on the optimized
immobilizing formulation, which could achieve the immobilizing matrix that meet the needs of transportation of radioactive waste,
is propitious to subsequent incineration disposal and remain long-term stability at room temperature.

Key words: low-level radioactive waste oil; immobilizing formulation; volume expansion ratio; weight loss ratio; oil leakage ratio