正断层影响下煤层采动的裂隙扩展规律研究
罗庆丽，牛慧婷，钟曼尹，任胜华，方兴，康向涛
（贵州大学矿业学院，贵州 贵阳 550025）
摘要： 为了研究正断层影响下煤层采动的裂隙扩展规律，根据断层与煤层的位置关系进行相似材料模拟实验。在煤
层和断层区域埋设应力应变传感器，借助全站仪观测记录开采引起的煤层群裂隙演化情况，并利用数字散斑测量方法对
开挖过程中的覆岩下沉量进行定量分析，研究工作面远离、接近和穿过断层时上覆岩层裂隙变化规律。经过岩层下沉分
析得知，当工作面接近、穿过或远离断层时，上覆岩层从直接顶处出现整体垮落，随采随落到无法形成稳定结构，随着
工作面持续推进远离断层，断层岩体逐渐压实基本趋于稳定。这为煤矿中顶底板与围岩变形研究以及断层裂隙扩展研究
提供了新思路，为开展煤矿断层开采工作提供了科学依据。
关键词： 数字散斑；相似模拟实验；正断层；裂隙扩展；亚像素定位
中图分类号： TD325      文献标志码： A      文章编号： 2095-0802-(2023)02-0001-05
Crack Propagation Law of Coal Seam Mining under Influence of Normal Faults
LUO Qingli, NIU Huiting, ZHONG Manyin, REN Shenghua, FANG Xing, KANG Xiangtao
(College of Mining, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China)
Abstract: In order to study the crack propagation law of coal seam mining under the influence of normal faults, according to the
positional relationship between the fault and the coal seam, a similar material simulation test was carried out. Stress and strain
sensors were buried in coal seams and fault areas, and the evolution of coal seam group cracks caused by mining was observed
and recorded by total station, and the digital speckle analysis method was used to quantitatively analyze the subsidence of the
overlying rock during the excavation process, and to study the changing law of the cracks of the overlying stratum when the
working face moved away from, approached and passed through the fault. After the rock stratum subsidence analysis, it is known
that when the working face approaches, passes through and moves away from the fault, the overlying stratum falls as a whole from
the immediate roof, which falls along with mining, and the stable structure cannot be formed. As the working face continues to
advance, the rock mass is gradually compacted and basically tends to be stable. The study can provide a new idea for the study of
roof and floor and surrounding rock deformation and fault fissure expansion in coal mines, and provides a scientific basis for the
development of coal mine fault mining.

Key words: digital speckle; similar simulation experiment; normal fault; crack propagation; sub-pixel localization