矿山废弃地生态环境修复主要路径的研究
张博超¹，童辉¹，龙明²，张亚婷³
（1. 中煤科工生态环境科技有限公司，北京 100013；2. 陕西延长石油延安能源化工有限责任公司，陕西 延安 727500；
3. 西安科技大学，陕西 西安 725000）
摘要： 矿产资源是自然资源的重要组成部分，是人类社会发展的重要物质基础。然而矿山开采对矿区土地破坏与环
境污染的现象在世界范围内十分普遍，也是中国矿业绿色发展面临的主要问题。介绍了目前矿山开采对环境的影响和修
复状况，并提出矿山废弃地生态环境修复主要路径。其思路是：调查矿区生态环境→土地复垦→人工建植→物种繁衍→
重新构建矿山生态环境，为矿区污染土地植被的生态环境修复提供理论依据。最后可利用物种丰富度、多样性、修复后
自身稳定性、抵御外来物种入侵能力等指标来评价矿区植被演替阶段及生态系统的恢复程度。
关键词： 矿产资源；矿山开采；生态修复；物种多样性；植被恢复
中图分类号： X322      文献标志码： A      文章编号： 2095-0802-(2023)04-0051-03
Main Path of Ecological Environment Restoration of Mine Wasteland
ZHANG Bochao¹, TONG Hui¹, LONG Ming², ZHANG Yating³
(1. China Coal Science & Technology Ecological Environment Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100013, China; 2. Yan'an Energy
and Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Shaanxi Yanchang Petroleum Group, Yan'an 727500, Shaanxi, China; 3. Xi'an University
of Science and Technology, Xi'an 725000, Shaanxi, China)
Abstract: Mineral resources are an important part of natural resources and an important material basis for the development of
human society. However, the phenomenon of land destruction and environmental pollution caused by mining is very common all
over the world, which is also the main problem faced by the green development of China's mining industry. This paper introduced
the impact of mining on the environment and the current situation of restoration, and put forward the main path of ecological
environment restoration of mine wasteland. The idea is to investigate the ecological environment of the mining area→land
reclamation→artificial planting→species reproduction→rebuild the mine ecological environment, so as to provide a theoretical
basis for the ecological restoration of vegetation in abandoned lands such as mines. Finally, indicators such as species richness,
diversity, self stability after restoration, and resistance to alien species invasion can be used to estimate the vegetation succession
stage and the restoration degree of the ecosystem in the mining area.

Key words: mineral resources; mining; ecological restoration; species diversity; vegetation restoration