华北煤矸石自燃现象
刘婕^1,2，高秀龙^1,2，梁汉东^1,2
（1.煤炭精细勘探与智能开发全国重点实验室，北京 100083；2.中国矿业大学（北京）地球科学与测绘工程学院，北京 100083）
摘要： 在人口稠密而环境与生态敏感的华北，不断累积的煤炭副产物煤矸石的自燃倾向，关系到对其环境影响的预
判及对其处置技术有效性的预判。收集了30 多年来相关文献及零星报道，并将煤矸石自燃事故地理坐标与煤炭资源分布
图相结合，揭示了华北煤矸石自燃现象普遍。踏勘并展示了1 座60 多年来不断增高且不断覆土的巨型矸石山的景观，指
出煤矸石自燃现象发生和续存的顽固性与表观上的隐蔽性。采样并测试了5 年前施工并验收的典型填埋场的地表土，从
而验证了其汞和多环芳烃呈现（点）面（极端）严重污染，这标志了自燃会导致煤矸石加剧释放其中毒害物质且爆发式
污染环境介质。还简要探讨了处置煤矸石因自燃而存在的潜在环境风险及关联政策等议题。
关键词： 煤矸石；自燃；普遍性；环境污染；华北
中图分类号： TD75⁺2.2      文献标志码： A      文章编号： 2095-0802-(2023)09-0010-05
Spontaneous Combustion of Coal Gangue in North China
LIU Jie^1,2, GAO Xiulong^1,2, LIANG Handong^1,2
(1. State Key Laboratory for Fine Exploration and Intelligent Development of Coal Resources, Beijing 100083, China; 2. College
of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, China)
Abstract: Coal gangue, a by-product of coal mining, is continuously accumulated in populous and eco-sensitive North China.
Spontaneous combustion tendency impacted the prognosis of coal gangue environmental effects and disposal technology effectiveness
obviously. A summary and visualization of coal gangue combustion in last 30 years was achieved. According to the geographical
coordinates of coal gangue spontaneous combustion accidents and coal resources distribution mapping, it was revealed that the
spontaneous combustion of coal gangue was widespread in North China. A local landmark coal gangue hill which was accumulated
and covered with soil repeatedly for more than 60 years was explored. A hidden and continues coal gangue combustion was found.
The top layer cover soil of the coal gangue hill was collected and tested, which was constructed five years ago. Extremely heavy
mercury and PAHs emissions of points/surface sources were detected. It was believed that spontaneous combustion lead to intensified
pollutants transferring process from coal gangue to environmental medias. The potential environmental risks and polices of coal
gangue disposing with the consideration of spontaneous combustion were also briefly discussed.

Key words: coal gangue; spontaneous combustion; universality; environmental pollution; North China