厚煤层分层充填开采自然发火规律研究
董凯
（潞安集团高河能源有限公司，山西 长治 046204）
摘要： 目前，针对厚煤层的分层充填开采技术已经越来越完善，广泛应用于全国各地的矿井中。然而，在实际生产
中，分层充填法存在充填材料凝固升温而自燃的风险。为了指导煤矿安全生产，通过实验、现场测试和模拟，探究了分
层充填开采过程中的热特征规律，以研究分层充填开采自然发火规律。研究结果表明：充填材料凝固放热过程大致可分
为快速升温、快速降温和缓慢降温3 个阶段；分层煤体与充填体接触，且距离充填体较近的部分温度升高至41.75 ℃，
比原煤层初始温度高了26.75 ℃，而上下分层煤层距离充填体较远的部分温度变化较小；受充填体热效应的影响，处理
过煤样的自燃倾向性明显增强，相比原煤更容易在井下发生自燃火灾事故；同时，充填区外和工作面整体温度场也会受
到充填材料放热的影响，因此需要加强工作面和充填区自然发火标志性气体的监测，以预防工作面煤体的自然发火。
关键词： 厚煤层；分层充填开采；自然发火；自燃倾向性
中图分类号： TD75⁺2.1      文献标志码： A      文章编号： 2095-0802-(2023)12-0049-04
Spontaneous Combustion Law in Slicing and Filling Mining of Thick Coal Seams
DONG Kai
(Gaohe Energy Co., Ltd., Lu'an Group, Changzhi 046204, Shanxi, China)
Abstract: Currently, the slicing and filling mining technology for thick coal seams has become increasingly perfect and widely
used in mines across the country. However, in actual production, the slicing and filling method carries the risk of natural ignition
due to the solidification and heating of the filling material. In order to guide the safety production of coal mines, the thermal
characteristics during the process of slicing and filling mining were explored through experiments, on-site testing, and simulation,
in order to study the natural combustion law of slicing and filling mining. The research results indicate that the solidification and
heat release process of filling materials can be roughly divided into three stages: rapid heating, rapid cooling, and slow cooling; the
temperature of the part where the layered coal body contacts the filling body and is closer to the filling body increases to 41.75 益,
which is 26.75 益higher than the initial temperature of the original coal seam, however, the temperature change of the part where
the upper and lower layered coal seams are farther from the filling body is relatively small; affected by the thermal effect of the
filling material, the spontaneous combustion tendency of the processed coal sample is significantly enhanced, and it is more prone
to spontaneous combustion fire accidents underground compared to raw coal; at the same time, the temperature field outside the
filling area and the overall working face will also be affected by the heat release of the filling material, therefore, it is necessary to
strengthen the monitoring of the natural ignition landmark gases in the working face and filling area to prevent the natural ignition
of the coal body in the working face.

Key words: thick coal seam; slicing and filling mining; spontaneous combustion; spontaneous combustion tendency